- Ibn Batuta - Arab traveller and author. (1304- ?)
- Ibn Khaldoun - Islamic historian and sociologist. (1332-1406)
- Ibn Sa'ud - King of Hijaz and Najd, and afterwards king of Saudi Arabia. Founded the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (1879- 1953)
- Ibn Tufayl - Arab philosopher and physician. (1100-1185)
- Ibn Tumart - Muslim reformer of Morocco. Was called Mahdi of the Almohads.
- Idu l-Fitr - Central religious feast in Islam, also known as cîdu s-saghîr and in Turkey as kücük-bairam.
- Idu l-Kabir - Central religious feast in Islam, lasting for a period of three days, celebrated on the 10. Dhu l-hijja.
- Ihram - 1: State of sacredness in which a Muslim performs hajj and umra. 2: Garment worn by hajjiyys during hajj and umra.
- Intifada - Uprising in the Palestinian occupied territories from 1987 to 1993, in protest against the Israeli occupation and politics.
- Iran - Independent Islamic republic, divided into 28 provinces. Heads of state: Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Wali Faqih) Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khamenei and President Mohammed Khatami.
- Iran-Iraq War - War between Iran and Iraq, lasting from 1980 to 1988, caused by disagreements on the borderline between the two countries.
- Iraq - Independent republic, divided into 18 governorates. Under the control of a US-led force since April 2003.
- Iriha - City in Palestine with about 25,000 inhabitants, situated on the West Bank, in the Jordan Valley.
- Isa - (Jesus) In Christianity, a central religious person, either seen as God in human body or as son of God born by a woman. In Islam and Baha'i, one of the central prophets, as well as miracle worker (always called Isa).
- Islam - A religion with more than 1,400 million believers. It is dominant in East- and North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and in Indonesia.
- Islamism - Group of ideologies in Islam that want to use the Sharia to its full extent.
- Israel - Independent republic, but not recognized by a most countries in the Middle East. Divided into 6 districts.
- Istanbul - Largest city in Turkey with 8,0 million inhabitants, situated on both sides of the Bosporus.
- Izmir - City in Turkey with 2.1 million inhabitants, situated in the west of Turkey.
