- Gabes - Town and sea oasis in Tunisia, with 90,000 inhabitants.
- Gadhafi, Mu'ammar - Leader of Libya since 1969, but without holding any official titles.
- Gafsa - City and oasis in Tunisia with 80,000 inhabitants, situated in the interior on a plateau, near the Chott el Jerid.
- Galilee, Sea of - Lake in Israel with a surface area of 166 km, a length of 23 km and a maximum width of 13 km.
- Garamantian Empire - Empire lasting for about 1,000 years in today's central Libya, principally along the still existing Wadi l-Ajal.
- Gatha - Part of the Avesta, which is believed to be the work of Zarathustra himself.
- Gaza - City in Palestine with 600,000 inhabitants, situated on the Mediterranean Sea.
- Gaza Strip - Palestinian territory bordered to the south by Egypt and to the north and east by Israel.
- Gaziantep - City in Turkey with 603,000 inhabitants, situated in southeastern part of the country.
- Ghadames - Town and oasis in Libya, with 10,000 inhabitants, next to the borders of Tunisia and Algeria.
- GIA - From French: Group Islamique armé. The most active militant Islamist group in Algeria, responsible for a majority of the actions performed in second half of the 1990's.
- Giza - City in Egypt with 4.8 million inhabitants, but is often referred to as part of the urban area of Cairo.
- Gnosticism - A Middle Eastern religious and philosophical orientation that grew strong in the 1st century CE, exercising strong influence on Judaism and Christianity and at times representing a strong and competing theology.
- Golan Heights - Syrian territory, now under Israeli occupation.
- Gospel - Accounts of Jesus Christ, his life and teachings, texts central to Christianity.
- Goulimime - Town in Morocco with 40,000 inhabitants, situated in the south.
- Gulf War - War fought between Iraq and allies of Kuwait, from January 16 to February 28, 1991, lasting 44 days altogether.
